CH12 Object-Oriented Design 软件工程讲义英语版 教学课件.ppt

Chapter 12 Object-Oriented Design Object-oriented Design Designing systems using self-contained objects and object classes Objectives To explain how a software design may be represented as a set of interacting objects that manage their own state and operations To describe the activities in the object-oriented design process To introduce various models that describe an object-oriented design To show how the UML may be used to represent these models Topics covered Objects and object classes An object-oriented design process Design evolution Characteristics of OOD## Objects are abstractions of real-world or system entities and manage themselves Objects are independent and encapsulate state and representation information. System functionality is expressed in terms of object services Shared data areas are eliminated. Objects communicate by message passing Objects may be distributed and may execute sequentially or in parallel Interacting objects Advantages of OOD## Easier maintenance. Objects may be understood as stand-alone entities Objects are appropriate reusable components For some systems, there may be an obvious mapping from real world entities to system objects Object-oriented development## Object-oriented analysis, design and programming are related but distinct OOA is concerned with developing an object model of the application domain OOD is concerned with developing an object-oriented system model to implement requirements OOP is concerned with realising an OOD using an OO programming language such as Java or C++ Objects and object classes Objects are entities in a software system which represent instances of real-world and system entities Object classes are templates for objects. They may be used to create objects Object classes may inherit attributes and services from other object classes Objects The Unified Modeling Language## Several different notations for describing object-oriented designs were proposed in the 1980s and 1990s The Unified Modeling