Ch5 POSITION MEASURING DEVICES 数控技术英文版课件.pptVIP

?? Numerical Control Technology ?? 机电工程学院 主讲：蒋廷彪 Ch5 POSITION MEASURING DEVICES Outline Introduction ENCODER OPTICAL GRATING Resolver INDUCTOSYN Introduction In a closed-loop system, information about the output is fed back for comparison with the input. To determine the slideway position of each axis of a machine tool, a position-measuring device is required and this monitors and compares the present position with the command position for every movement of the axis. Thus, position-measuring devices are required to close the loop. Classification for Position Measuring Devices Measuring devices can be classified according to following considerations : Direct and indirect measurement Incremental and absolute measurement Digital and analogue measurement rotary and linear devices Position, velocity and current signals Work principles Direct measuring system Indirect measuring system A system with the position measuring devices mounted on the leadscrew or drive element of the machine member to be positioned. Advantages: lower cost Simpler mounting on the machine tool Easier maintenance. Disadvantages: Accuracy requirements can be reduced by backlash, pitch error in the leadscrew and fine devices. Indirect systems are usually fitted with rotary position measuring devices, e. g. resolver and encoder. Incremental Vs. Absolute Measurement Incremental measuring system each displacement is determined by its departure from measured as the increase in distance from the preceding position. Incremental system has the disadvantages that the position can only be determined relatively and a previous measurement error influences all following measurements (cumulative error). Absolute measuring system all coordinates are measured from a fixed datum position or center of coordinates without reference to previous coordinates. Restart after power supply breakdown is easier and accumulated error is less. The digital absolute measuring device is expensive for a high re