CHAPTER 2 Visual Description of Data 商务统计学概论(英文第四版) 教学课件.pptVIP

CHAPTER 2:Visual Description of Data to accompany Introduction to Business Statistics fourth edition, by Ronald M. Weiers Presentation by Priscilla Chaffe-Stengel Donald N. Stengel ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group Chapter 2 - Learning Objectives Convert raw data into a data array. Construct: a frequency distribution. a relative frequency distribution. a cumulative relative frequency distribution. Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram. Visually represent data by using graphs and charts. ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group Chapter 2 - Key Terms Data array An orderly presentation of data in either ascending or descending numerical order. Frequency Distribution A table that represents the data in classes and that shows the number of observations in each class. ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group Chapter 2 - Key Terms Frequency Distribution Class - The category Frequency - Number in each class Class limits - Boundaries for each class Class interval - Width of each class Class mark - Midpoint of each class ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group Sturges’ rule How to set the approximate number of classes to begin constructing a frequency distribution. where k = approximate number of classes to use and n = the number of observations in the data set . ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group How to Construct a Frequency Distribution 1. Number of classes Choose an approximate number of classes for your data. Sturges’ rule can help. 2. Estimate the class interval Divide the approximate number of classes (from Step 1) into the range of your data to find the approximate class interval, where the range is defined as the largest data value minus the smallest data value. 3. Determine the class interval Round the estimate (from Step 2) to a convenient value. ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group How to Construct aFrequency Distribution, cont. 4. Lower Class Limit Determine the lower class limit for the first class by selecting a convenient number that is smaller than the lowest data value. 5. Cla