Ch13 Chi-Square Applications 商务统计学概论(英文第四版)教学课件 Introduction to Business Statistics.pptVIP

CHAPTER 13Chi-Square Applications to accompany Introduction to Business Statistics fourth edition, by Ronald M. Weiers Presentation by Priscilla Chaffe-Stengel Donald N. Stengel ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group Chapter 13 - Learning Objectives Explain the nature of the chi-square distribution. Apply the chi-square distribution to: Goodness-of-fit tests Tests of independence between 2 variables Tests comparing proportions from multiple populations Tests of a single population variance. Chapter 13 - Key Terms Observed versus expected frequencies Number of parameters estimated, m Number of categories used, k Contingency table Independent variables Goodness-of-Fit Tests The Question: Does the distribution of sample data resemble a specified probability distribution, such as: the binomial, hypergeometric, or Poisson discrete distributions. the uniform, normal, or exponential continuous distributions. a predefined probability distribution. Hypotheses: H0: pi = values expected H1: pi 1 values expected where Goodness-of-Fit Tests Rejection Region: Degrees of Freedom = k – 1 – m where k = # of categories, m = # of parameters Uniform Discrete: m = 0 so df = k – 1 Binomial: m = 0 when p is known, so df = k – 1 m = 1 when p is unknown, so df = k – 2 Poisson: m = 1 since μ usually estimated, df = k – 2 Normal: m = 2 when μ and s estimated, df = k – 3 Exponential: m = 1 since μ usually estimated, df = k – 2 Goodness-of-Fit Tests Test Statistic: where Oj = Actual number observed in each class Ej = Expected number, pj ? n Goodness-of-Fit: An Example Problem 13.20: In a study of vehicle ownership, it has been found that 13.5% of U.S. households do not own a vehicle, with 33.7% owning 1 vehicle, 33.5% owning 2 vehicles, and 19.3% owning 3 or more vehicles. The data for a random sample of 100 households in a resort community are summarized below. At the 0.05 level of significance, can we reject the possibility that the vehicle-ownership