Chapter 4 Trade Terms 国际贸易实务.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Trade Terms ［引导案例］ 国外某公司（简称买方）与我国一公司（简称卖方）签订一笔食品出口合同，交易条件为FOB大连，付款方式为不可撤销即期信用证。随后，卖方收到了买方银行开来的信用证，即备妥货物，办好出口手续，按期将货物装上买方指派的船只，并向买方发出了装船通知。装船于凌晨2时结束，半小时后载货船舱出现火情，船长立即组织救火，先启用二氧化碳系统灭火，但发现该系统失灵，只好使用消防水系统灭火，才将火扑灭。 经商检部门鉴定，该批货物因火灾和严重泡湿而完全丧失商业价值。卖方立即通知买方，征求处理意见。买方来电称，卖方应负责卸下毁坏的货物，重新备货装船，并声称将指示银行撤销已开出的信用证。卖方则认为，货物已装船，合同义务已履行，没有义务卸下损坏的货物和重新备货装船，并认为买方应该支付已装船货物的货款。船方则因货物已毁损而拒绝签发提单，并以火灾免责为由拒绝承担赔偿。 本案的复杂之处在于，货物刚上船后不久即发生了火灾，当事人三方均陷入了麻烦之中。卖方欲去银行支取货款但却没有船方签发的提单；买方已开出信用证，一旦卖方议付货款则钱货两空；船方则因货物已毁，无法开出提单。因此，三方均想推卸责任，为己辩护。 Section One A Brief Introduction to Trade Terms 1. What Is Trade Terms? 贸易术语(Trade Terms)，又称“价格术语”或“价格条件”, 它是以简明的外贸语言、或缩写的字母、或国际代号，来概括说明买卖双方在交易中交货的地点，货物交接的责任、费用，以及风险的划分和表明价格构成等诸方面的特殊用语。 1.贸易术语表明一定的交易条件。 所谓交易条件是指交易得以确立和顺利进行的基本条件，即交易中的每一个环节将由谁来完成，每一项责任将由谁来承担。 2.贸易术语表示一定的价格构成。由于采用贸易术语就可确定双方在交易中所应履行的责任与义务，因此，与之相应的交易价格也可以在此基础上得以确定。 2. Components of the Price Terms In international trade, the price terms of a sale contract include uint price and total price. Total price is the total amount of a deal. The price of a commodity usually refers to the unit price. The unit price consists of type of currency, price per unit, measurement unit and trade terms. US$ 100 per dozen FOB New York 1) Type of Currency In general, hard currency (e.g. US dollars, sterling or Swiss France) should be chosen for exports and soft currency for imports. 2) Price Per Unit Generally speaking, they consist of the purchasing cost of the goods, inland freight, packing expenses, warehousing, commodity inspection fees, export tariffs and entry fees, agent’s commissions, etc. In some cases, ocean freight and insurance premiums should be covered in the quotation. 3) Measurement Unit 4) Trade Terms Trade terms are short terms and abbreviation which are used to explain the price composition, to define the delivery of the goods, to indicate which party bear the freight, insurance and other relevant charges, and assume the liability in case damage or loss of the goods occurs. 3. 贸