PEF-Membrane separation 制药工程与设备基础　Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals　教学课件　.ppt

Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals Membrane Separations Parallel Units Membrane Separations Membrane Separations Examples Polymer Membranes Transport Mechanisms Transport Mechanisms Transport Mechanisms Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Reverse Osmosis Bulk Flow Through Membranes Diffusion Through Membranes Liquid Diffusion Through Membranes Dialysis Electrodialysis Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis Gas Permeation Pervaporation 陈慧萍 chenhuiping@ncu.edu.cn Membrane Separations Membrane Separations: Are pervasive in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries Are often used by biological systems Are one of the fastest developing areas in separations Are often highly selective, compact, inexpensive and easy to operate Overall throughput is generally low and often must be run in parallel F P R R R Parallel membrane separator units In membrane separations a mixture is separated by using a semipermeable membrane which allows one component to move through faster than others resulting in differential transport. The mixture is separated into a retentate, enriched in the less mobile species and a permeate, enriched in the components which move through the membrane fastest. Retentate Permeate Feed mixture Purge (optional) Membrane Three main driving forces are used for membrane separations: ? Pressure ? Concentration ? Electrical Potential Retentate Permeate Feed mixture Optional Purge Membrane Gradient: pressure, concentration, electrical Membrane Separations Reverse Osmosis: Desalination Dialysis: Hemodialysis Electrodialysis: Table salt from sea water, proteins from precipitation salts Microfiltration: Purification of antibiotics Ultrafiltration: Preconcentration of milk, recovery of vaccines from fermentation broth Pervaporation: Removal of water from organic solvents Gas Permeation: Recovery of helium Liquid membranes: Recovery of Ni from electroplating solutions An important area of current research is the development of new membrane materials. These are us