ThePhysicsofRadiology-chapter5-3 放射物理 英文版 教学课件.ppt

Measurement of Radiation: InstrumentationTechniques Part Three Summary * * BME College Sherman Sheen(辛学刚) The Physics of Radiology solid state detectors—the diode Short response time Enormous dynamic range High sensitivity Flexible forms Thermoluminescent Dosimetry (TLD) PRECISION OF TLD AND DOSE RANGE MATERIALS FOR TLD USES OF TLD-CLINICAL DOSIMETRY PERSONNEL MONITORING DOSE CALIBRATION SERVICES Chemical Dosimetry △Aλ is the change in absorbance at λ following a dose D to the ferrous sulphate ∈λ is the molar extinction coefficient of the ferrous ion ρ is the density of the solution in kg/m3 G is the yield in number per 100 eV Example. It is required to determine the average dose to a sample of water in a complexly shaped radiation container near a cobalt source. This is most easily done using the Fricke dosimeter. The container is filled with Fricke solution and exposed. A sample of the well-mixed irradiated solution is then placed in a quartz cuvette of 2 cm path length and its absorbance measured against the stock solution at 304 nm. Suppose the measured absorbance is 0.360. Calculate the dose. Film as a Dosimeter radiant energy crystals of silver bromide latent image File developed film fixed negative film results areas that have been exposed to x rays appear dark Direct Measurement of Absorbed Dose —The Calorimeter Summary of Calibration Procedures Exposure Rate Determinations Select a suitable treatment applicator or reference field size (for example 10 by 10 cm) and direct the beam in such a way as to avoid scattering from nearby objects. b. Select filter, tube current (mA), and voltage (kV) and determine the half-value layer for these settings of the machine. c. Select a suitable practical dosimeter that has an exposure calibration factor traceable to a standardization laboratory (see section 4.09) for the half-value layer of the radiation beam to be measured. The ionization chamber should