PEF-Separation 制药工程与设备基础　Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals　教学课件　.pptVIP

Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals Separation Separation Technology in the Past Separation Technology in the Past Conventional Process Limits to Distillation Drivers for New Separation Concepts Some Challenges Benign Solvents Separation Processes Background Material for Separations Materials and energy balances: conservation of energy and matter Thermodynamics: phase equilibrium and solution thermodynamics Transport phenomena Chemical reaction kinetics: rate of conversion of one species to another Basic Description of Operations Basic Description of Operations Basic Description of Operations Mechanism of Separations Mechanism of Separations Main Separations Techniques Main Separations Techniques Thermodynamics of Separations Rate of Separations Thermodynamics 陈慧萍 chenhuiping@ncu.edu.cn Distillation The fundamentals in separations involve: For the most part our analysis of various separations processes will focus on using phase equilibrium and materials and energy balances. Separations processes can be run in various modes of operation: ? Batchwise: no flows ? Continuous: continuous flows in and out of separators ? Semicontinuous: pauses in flows. Operations are classified as key operations and auxiliary operations ? Key Operation: involves reaction or separations Examples: distillation, leaching, reactor ? Auxiliary Operation: involves no change in chemical composition Examples: pumps, heaters, compressors Block Flow Diagrams indicate: ? Key Operations by rectangles ? Flows and Streams by lines F S2 S1 P1 P2 Block Flow Diagram Distillation Process Flow Diagram indicates processes by: ? Realistic symbols of process equipment ? Including auxiliary operations Total condenser Overhead vapor Boilup N 2 1 Distillation Reflux drum Stripping section stages Feed Stage Bottoms Partial reboiler Reflux Distillate Feed Process Flow Diagram Rectifying section stages ? UNMIXING is not a spontaneous process in nature