Unit 3 The Blast Furnace Plant_冶金专业英语.pptVIP

Unit 3 The Blast Furnace Plant 钢铁工业是世界上最重要的工业之一，也是传统史上最古老的工业之一。早在公元3000年前，铁就是人类文化与文明的基础。 从矿石中提炼铁的历史可以追溯到史前时期。古时候，铁矿石是在炭火中加热的（起初无疑是偶然的），当火熄灭时，像海绵一样的固体铁块就产生了。海绵铁能够锤打成型制造工具和武器。冶金前辈发现，在吹火或扇风时，火会燃烧得更旺，铁就会更快地炼成。从此以后人们就使用风箱来增加风量。 A complete blast furnace plant (Fig4-1) consequently comprises many components. The most important of these are: the blast furnace，bunkers，charging equipment, the cast house，hot blast stoves, top gas removal and cleaning equipment. 1.The Blast Furnace Fig3-1 The blast furnace plant The blast furnace is a continuously working shaft furnace. In its original form, it was slim and tulip shaped. Today, its silhouette consists of truncated cylinders and cones. Blast furnace is a large refractory-lined steel vessel and the entire furnace requires cooling. The following is an introduction to the parts and functions of a modern blast furnace. The furnace is built on a foundation of pilings and concrete to support the furnace and burden. The inside profile of the blast furnace is termed (from top to bottom) furnace throat, shaft, belly, bosh and hearth. The lower portion of the furnace is called the hearth. The hearth comprises carbon side wall and a central composite plug. One or more iron notches are located above the hearth, and molten iron and slag are removed through these iron notches. ?Above the iron notch is the slag notch. With modern low slag volume practice, the slag notch is typically for blowing-in or emergency use only. The portion above the hearth is the bosh, and the bosh angle is a critical parameter in the design of the furnace. The belly of the widest point can be cooled by a variety of methods. The bosh and stack usually have ceramic lining. The throat is cylindrical and is referred to as the stockline section. ?The top of the furnace directs the gas to the offtakes. Fig3-2 The inside profile of the blast furnace The modern blast furnace has much cooling equipment，such as, high density copper cooling plates, c