week5organic2009 化学专业英语 教学课件.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Organic Chemistry Introduction to organic chemistry 18th century Organic Those derived from living organisms-those containing the “vital force” Inorganic Compounds derived from minerals-those lacking the “vital force” Introduction to organic chemistry In 1828, a Germany chemist, Fr?edrich W?hler, produced an organic compound called urea, which was identical to natural urea. Ammonium cyanate urea An inorganic an organic compound compound 2.1 Some significant organic chemical terms 2.1.1 Terms related to the atomic and molecular structures: bond; (ionic bond, covalent bond) bond length; bond angle; isotope; constitutional isomers; homologs (homo is Greek for “the same as”); hybrid orbital; molecular orbital theory; electron affinity; 2.1 Some significant organic chemical terms hydrocarbons; saturated / unsaturated hydrocarbon; conjugate (conjugation); （碳氢化合物，烃，饱和?，不饱和?，共轭） aliphatic / aromatic hydrocarbons; heterocyclic compounds; （脂肪族碳氢化合物，芳香族?，杂环化合物） 2.1 Some significant organic chemical terms paraffin; olefin; （链烷烃，烯烃） amino acid; peptide; protein; enzyme; coenzyme; lipid; nucleoside; nucleotide; nucleic acid; （氨基酸，多肽，蛋白质，酶，辅酶，脂类，核苷，核苷酸，核酸） Types of Reaction: substitution (alkylation, halogenation etc)（取代，如烷基化，卤代）; addition（加成）; elimination（消去）; condensation（缩合）; polymerization（聚合）; oxidation（氧化）; reduction（还原）; degradation（降解）; rearrangement（重排）; replacement（置换） ; pericyclic reaction (cycloaddition reaction; electrocyclic reaction; sigmatropic rearrangement)（周环反应，包括:环加成，电环化，σ-重排） 2.1.3 Terms related to the stereochemistry: cis-trans isomer; optical isomer (enantiomer); 顺-反异构体，光学异构体（光学对映体） asymmetric; chiral; chirality; 不对称，手性的，手性 levorotary; dextrorotary; 左旋，右旋 racemic mixture (racemate); meso compound (mesomer); 外消旋混合物，外消旋体，内消旋体 stereoselective reaction; stereospecific reation; regioselective reaction; steric hindrance; steric effects; 立体阻碍（位阻），立体效应 2.1 So