植物抗旱耐盐基因的研究进展.pdfVIP

基因组学与应用生物学，2010 年，第29 卷，第3 期，第542-549 页 Genomics and Applied Biology, 2010, Vol.29, No.3, 542-549 评述与展望 Review and Progress 植物抗旱耐盐基因的研究进展 陈丽萍 何道一* 淮北师范大学生命科学学院, 资源植物生物学安徽省重点实验室, 淮北, 235000 * 通讯作者, daoyi1h@ 摘 要 近几年许多与植物抗旱耐盐相关基因被克隆和分析，同时通过转基因技术将这些基因转到植物中 异源表达，能显著提高转基因植物的抗旱耐盐能力。这些基因主要包括渗透调节基因、蛋白类基因(如信号传 导中的蛋白激酶基因)及转录因子等。在逆境条件下，渗透调节基因通过合成脯氨酸、甜菜碱、糖类和多胺类 等渗透调节物质维持植物中的渗透平衡；蛋白激酶基因产物是细胞信号传导中的组分，这些基因能促进植物 对干旱失水反应和逆境信号的传递，启动抗逆基因的表达；转录因子通过与相关基因的特异性结合来调控其 表达，进而产生相关调控蛋白等物质增强植物在逆境中的生存能力。本文主要综述了这三类抗逆基因的研究 现状及其生物学机理，讨论并分析这些基因在应用中尚待解决的问题，为发掘更多的抗逆性的基因资源和进 一步开展分子育种工作提供参考。 关键词 转基因植物, 渗透调节基因, 蛋白激酶类基因, 转录因子, 抗旱耐盐 Research Advance on Drought and Salt Resistant Genes in Transgenic Plants Chen Liping He Daoyi * School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Resources and Plant Biology, Huaibei, 235000 * Corresponding author, daoyi1h@ DOI: 10.3969/gab.029.000542 Abstract Many genes related to drought and salt resistance have been cloned and analyzed in recent years. The ability of drought and salt resistance in plant can be improved by expression of these genes via transgenic technol- ogy. They mainly include the genes of osmo-regulation, the genes of proteins such as the genes of protein kinase for signal transduction, and the genes of transcriptional factor and so on. The osmo-regulational genes maintain os- motic stress in plant by synthesis of osmolytes, such as proline, betaine, sugars, polyamines and so on under stress conditions. Product of protein kinase genes which belong to the genes of proteins are the components in cell signal transduction and these genes can promote perception of plants to dehydration response and the transfering of stress signal, consequently, starting the expression of stress-related genes. Transcriptional factors interact with some re- lated genes to regulate their expression and then buildup plants viability under stressed conditon by producing some relative proteins. In this paper,