初中英语语法突破：动词的时态(河北人教版).docxVIP

时态的基本构成【满分点拨】1．动词的五种基本形式变化表英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数(现在式)、过去时、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形没有经过任何变形，就是词典中一般给出的形式be，do，have，come第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加-swork—worksread—reads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加-esgo—goeswash—washes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-esfly—fliesstudy—studies过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加-edwork—workedstay—stayed在以-e结尾的动词后只加-dclose—closedlike—liked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-edstudy—studiedcarry—carried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加-edstop—stoppedplan—planned现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加-ingsleep—sleepingwait—waiting以不发音的-e结尾的动词，去-e再加-ingsmile—smilingmove—moving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加-ingsit—sittingdig—diggingplan—planning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加-ingdie—dyinglie—lying常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：短暂性动词延续性动词have closed/openedhave been closed/openhave diedhave been deadhave lefthave been awayhave begun/startedhave been onhave finished/endedhave been overhave becomehave beenhave borrowedhave kepthave boughthave hadhave joinedhave been a member of/have been inhave left sp.have been away from sp.have fallen asleephave been asleephave put onhave wornhave caught/got a coldhave had a coldhave got to knowhave known2.常见6种时态的构成及用法河北中考对于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在完成时都有考查，须掌握这些时态的基本构成和功能。种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注一般现在时1.现阶段经常性或习惯性动作；2．目前的状态；3．客观真理be用am/is/are；主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词词尾加-s/-es；其他人称和数用动词原形。often，sometimes，us-ually，always，twice a month，on Sundays，every week/month/year…(every系列)He usually leaves for sch-ool at 7 in the morning.他经常早上7点去学校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。一般过去时1.过去发生的动作；2．过去存在的状态be用was/were；其他动词用过去式just now，… ago，in 1980，last night/week/month…(last系列)，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used toWe went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。一般将来时1.将来发生的动作；2．将来存在的状态1.助动词will(shall)＋动词原形2．am/is/are going to＋动词原形tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next year/week/month/term…(next系列)I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我将在校门口见你。Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15岁了。在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。现在进行时说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作am/is/are＋动词的现在分词now，at present，at the moment，look，listenTh