导热系数的单位.PPT

Heat Convection Characteristics direct contact, temperature difference, macroscopic motion 宏观运动 only occur in fluid 重要概念… Convection Heat Transfer 热对流 对流传热 heat transfer process conduction convection at the wall why the velocity of the fluid layer at the wall is zero the temperature gradient at the wall depends on the flow field high velocity large temperature gradient 速度 Newton’s Law of Cooling 牛顿冷却公式 = convection heat-transfer coefficient , W/m2·℃ = Area , m2 = temperature of the wall , ℃ = temperature of the fluid , ℃ 表面传热系数(对流换热系数) 电影《泰坦尼克号》里为什么Jack冻死了，而Rose没有？ Convection heat-transfer coefficient (1) It is relation to velocity, thermal properties of the fluid, geometric shape and size of the wall, etc. (2) Must be determined experimentally. Example： A electric current is passed through a wire 1mm in diameter and 10cm long. The wire is submerged in liquid water at atmospheric pressure, and the current is increased until the water boils. For this situation h=5000W/m2·℃,and the water temperature will be 100℃. How much electric power must be supplied to the wire to maintain the wire surface at 114℃? 电流通过一根直径为1mm长度为10cm的电线，把电线浸入水中，一个大气压下加热至水沸腾，在这种情况下h=5000W/m2·℃，水温为100℃。 为了使电线表面温度维持在114℃，需要提供多大的电功率？ Solution Newton’s law The heat transfer rate is therefore d=1mm L=10cm q and this is equal to the electric power which must be applied. Thermal Radiation 热辐射 重要概念… Definition Thermal radiation is that electromagnetic radiation emitted by a body as a result of its temperature. 电磁辐射 Characteristics Occurs when T＞0K; Can be transferred through vacuum region; 真空 Energy conversion. 转换 Radiation heat transfer 辐射换热 物体因为热的原因而发出辐射能的现象称为热辐射。 Black body 黑体 Transmitted Reflected Absorbed 研究辐射换热的非常重要的概念… Radiation emitted by a blackbody ——Stefan-Boltzmann Law 斯忒藩-玻耳兹曼定律 Stefan-Boltzmann constant Radiation emitted by non-blackbodies ε- emissivity 发射率(黑度) Radiant exchange 同样是25℃的房子，为什么夏天可以穿衬衫，而冬天却要穿毛