Miron-Spektor et al., 2011, JAP, anger and work harder精选.pdfVIP

Journal of Applied Psychology © 2011 American Psychological Association 2011, Vol. 96, No. 5, 1065–1075 0021-9010/11/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0023593 RESEARCH REPORT Others’ Anger Makes People Work Harder Not Smarter: The Effect of Observing Anger and Sarcasm on Creative and Analytic Thinking Ella Miron-Spektor Dorit Efrat-Treister, Anat Rafaeli, Bar-Ilan University and Orit Schwarz-Cohen Technion–Israel Institute of Technology The authors examine whether and how observing anger influences thinking processes and problem- solving ability. In 3 studies, the authors show that participants who listened to an angry customer were more successful in solving analytic problems, but less successful in solving creative problems compared with participants who listened to an emotionally neutral customer. In Studies 2 and 3, the authors further show that observing anger communicated through sarcasm enhances complex thinking and solving of creative problems. Prevention orientation is argued to be the latent variable that mediated the effect of observing anger on complex thinking. The present findings help reconcile inconsistent findings in previous research, promote theory about the effects of observing a