汉代布的规制-湖南博物馆.PDFVIP

汉代布的规制 ——兼谈马王堆汉墓所出的麻织物 The Han Dynasty Standard Dimension of Cloth —Also on the Hemp Fabrics from the Han Tombs at Mawangdui 中国社会科学院历史研究所 马 怡 Ma Yi, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 内容提要：在马王堆一号汉墓包裹尸体的衣衾内，发现了三块“织纹较粗，经线有 2 粗细不匀”的麻布，密度为18×19根/厘米 ，其幅宽为45厘米。45厘米约合汉 尺一尺九寸五分，狭于二尺二寸。它们的幅宽稍小，或因其不是“粥（鬻）于市” 的商品（也可能与年代久远而导致的形变有一定关系）。计算其幅面经线数，知为 十升布。该墓还出土了30余块“织纹较细”的麻布。其幅宽有两种：一种51厘米， 约合汉尺二尺二寸，与规制相符；另一种幅宽仅20厘米左右，约合汉尺八寸七分， 还不到二尺二寸的一半。为何会出现这种不合规制的现象，笔者在文章中对此问题 进行研究，并提出自己的看法。 关键词： 马王堆一号汉墓 麻织物 布 规制 Abstract: Three pieces of hemp cloth “of relatively thick weavy grain with warps of uneven thickness” were discovered in the clothes chest from Tomb 1 at Mawangdui, whose density was 18 19 threads/cm2 and breadth was 45 cm. 45 centimeters was equivalent to 1 chi 9 × cun and 5 fen in the Han measurement, narrower than 2 chi and 2 cun. Their narrow breadth was probably due to the fact that they were not commodities “meant for the market” (or probably they had been distorted because of their age). Calculation of the number of warps within the breadth indicates that they were pieces of cloth with eight hundred strands. This tombs also yielded over 30 pieces of hemp cloth “of relatively fi ne weavy grain”, which have two breadths. One is 51 cm (equivalent to 2 chi and 2 cun), in agreement with the standard dimension; the other is only about 20 cm (equivalent to only 8 cun and 7 fen ), less than half of 2 chi and 2 cun. Why were there such phenomena contrary to the standard dimension? The author in this paper studies this issue and proposes her own views. Key words: Han Tomb 1 at Mawangdui; hemp fabric; cloth; standard dimension · · 678