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Return to Lab Menu Stoichiometry—Exploring the Reaction between Baking Soda and Vinegar Objectives -to observe and measure mass loss in a gas forming reaction -to calculate CO2 loss and correlate to a balanced equation -to relate molecular ratios from a balanced equation to mass ratios in an experiment Equipment/Materials balance with accompanying standard weights (e.g. cold water or pennies) extra plastic cups for balance medicine dropper and/or medicine spoon measuring spoon (¼ teaspoon) baking soda vinegar (NOTE: the procedure outline below is derived for 4% vinegar. If you use 5 % vinegar, use 4/5 the amount of vinegar in each part of the procedure.) Introduction Stoichiometry Stoichiometry is a word used by chemists to describe the quantity relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Let’s look at the reaction of hydrogen gas with oxygen gas as an example. Hydrogen gas is a diatomic (2 atom) molecule with the formula, H2 . Oxygen is also a diatomic gas, O2 . When the two gases react with each other, they make water, H O. We can write this as a chemical reaction: 2 H + O → H O 2 2 2 The problem is that we’ve lost an oxygen atom in the process. There are two O atoms on the left side of the equation and only one on the right side. This violates the Law of Conservation of Matter (matter cannot be created or destroyed in a normal chemical process), which is a problem. One possible solution to this problem is to add an oxygen atom to the right side of the equation: H + O → H O + O 2 2 2 Now the equation is balanced. However, this is not the reaction that occurs in nature. In nature water and only water is formed when hydrogen and oxygen reac