外文翻译---太阳能热水系统研究背景.docxVIP

附录SOLAR WATER HEATING BACKGROUNDUsing the sun’s energy to heat water is not a new idea. More than one hundred years ago, black painted water tanks were used as simple solar water heaters in a number of countries. Solar water heating (SWH) technology has greatly improved during the past century. Today there are more than 30 million m2 of solar collectors installed around the globe. Hundreds of thousands of modern solar water heaters, such as the one shown in Figure 1, are in use in countries such as China, India, Germany, Japan, Australia and Greece. In fact, in some countries the law actually requires that solar water heaters be installed with any new residential construction project (Israel for example).Figure1: Evacuated Tube Solar Collector in Tibet, ChinaIn addition to the energy cost savings on water heating, there are several other benefits derived from using the sun’s energy to heat water. Most solar water heaters come with an additional water tank, which feeds the conventional hot water tank. Users benefit from the larger hot water storage capacity and the reduced likelihood of running out of hot water. Some solar water heaters do not require electricity to operate. For these systems, hot water supply is secure from power outages, as long as there is sufficient sunlight to operate the system. Solar water heating systems can also be used to directly heat swimming pool water, with the added benefit of extending the swimming season for outdoor pool applications.Solar Water Heating Application MarketsSolar water heating markets can be classified based upon the end-use application of the technology. The most common solar water heating application markets are service hot water and swimming pools.Service hot waterThere are a number of service hot water applications. The most common application is the use of domestic hot water systems (DHWS), generally sold as “off-the-shelf” or standard kits as depicted in Figure 2.Figure2: Solar Domestic Hot Water System in Austra