欧洲文化入门3PPT.ppt

Culture during the Renaissance (14th—mid 17th century);The Birthplace of Renaissance; ;Renaissance Society;The large Italian city-states developed stable and coherent forms of government, and the warfare between them gradually ended. In the final period, from 1500 to 1550, invasions from France and Spain transformed Italian political life, and the ideas and techniques of Italian writers and artists radiated to all points of the Continent. ;Production and ConsumptionEconomic life is bound up in the relationship between supply and demand. The production and consumption of luxuries soared.;Black Death (1347-1352);Renaissance Art;Renaissance Style;Humanism and Humanists;Although humanism was by no means antireligious, it was thoroughly secular in outlook. Humanists celebrated worldly achievements. They studied and taught the humanities人文学科, the skills of disciplines such as philology语文学, the art of language, and rhetoric, the art of expression. Though they were mostly lay people, humanists applied their learning to both religious and secular studies. Their interest in human achievement and human potential must be set beside their religious beliefs.;Humanist Ideas;A self-sacrificing devotion to Greek and Latin studies brought later great enlargement to all modern languages and literatures. Raphael, Da Vinci, Titian, Corregio (柯勒乔) and others produced works of art that have never been surpassed. ;Cultural Achievements of the Renaissance: Art;The most famous artist of the proto-renaissance period is Giotto whose work revealed a new pictorial style demonstrated by a kind of clear, simple structure with great psychological penetration, rather than the flat, linear decorativeness and hierarchical按等级划分的 compositions of his predecessors and lesser 次要的contemporaries. Giotto discarded the two-dimensionality advocated by the Byzantine painters and instead pioneered the representation of emotions such as grief and astonishment on the faces of his subjects. The latter two both st