论文：基于专家系统的人工智能与法律使用规则 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LAW USING RULE BASED EXPERT SYSTEMS.doc

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LAW USING RULE BASED EXPERT SYSTEMS Eric Engle formal symbolic logic and argumentation theory - have been developing separately, in reciprocal incomprehension if not in open clash. Scholars... have privileged the search for correctness, controllability, and certainty, and have therefor stressed the lack of rigour and the indeterminacy of theories of argumentation. ... The theorists of argumentation have instead emphasized the conflict of opinions, the evaluation of alternatives... They have therefore condemned symbolic logic for its incapacity to capture these fundamental aspects of moral and legal reasoning. ... The tension between logic and argumentation must instead be overcome by extending formal methods outside the domain of deduction, to the moments of dialectical conlict... which characterise legal and moral reasoning. Giovanni Sartor, A Formal Model of Legal Argumentation, p 1.TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 6 A. Artificial intelligence in legal teaching and practice 6 B. Limits of the theme 7 C. Interest of AI in law 8 D. Research Objectives 10 E. Method and Problématique 11 F. Problem to be Solved: 13 G. Definitions 16 H. Outline 27 I. Existing Solutions 29 J. Existing Literature 30 II. Extra-Legal Theories of Justification 37 A. The problem of justification 37 B. Contemporary Theories of Justification 38 C. Law and Economics 42 D. Formalism 43 E. Realism 44 F. Aristotle and Justification 46 1. Aristotle - Phronesis (Practical Reasoning: Prudence) 46 2. Aristotle - Virtue and Vice 52 III. An Extra-Legal Theory of Judgment 62 A. How Do Judges Think? 62 B. How Should Judges Think? Great Legal Minds 65 C. Hard Cases and Easy Cases 66 D. Four Cases to Illustrate Best and Worst Case Legal Interpretative Scenarios 69 1. Filartiga v. Pena Irala: 69 2. Bigio v. Coca Cola 71 3. Sampson v. Federal Republic of Germany 73 4. Byung Wha An et al. v. Doo-Hwan Chun, et. al. 74 E. Interpolating multiple graphs to infer a general alg