镓物理化学性质调研精选.ppt

镓 基本信息 物理化学特性 银白色金属，在30℃时变为发光液体，冷却至0℃而不固化； 在干燥空气中稳定，在潮湿空气中失去光泽，生成及少量氧化物； 与碱反应放出氢气；能被冷浓盐酸浸蚀，对热硝酸钝性，高温时能与多数非金属反应； 溶于酸和碱，微溶于汞，不溶于水； 研究表明，镓在高温下对工程材料具有较强的腐蚀性，如300-400℃或更高温度下对不锈钢的腐蚀性；室温下的腐蚀性通常可以忽略； 低温下（～30℃）可与铜缓慢发生反应，进而导致铜表面出现凹陷； 实验验证，镓一般不与塑料（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、PMMA）发生反应，即使温度升高至足以使上述塑料软化或熔化； 镓不溶于水，因此经皮肤镓不容易被吸收；眼睛直接接触或吸入镓粉末会导致疼痛；豚鼠皮下注入镓金属或合金导致骨疽； 对猫和鼠而言，胃对硫酸镓及硝酸钾的大剂量吸收会导致轻微中毒； 人应尽量避免在三氧化二镓的环境下长期工作； 一旦液态钾金属溅落至工作场所，如地板，先确认是否有导电可能，如果没有则立刻用冷水冲洗直至镓凝固，然后再做收集保存；为防止镓被人手的油污染，手套是必须的； 6063 Aluminum-Alloy →5 hours of corrosion under 120°C T2 Copper-Alloy Anodic Coloring 6063 Aluminum-Alloy 1Cr18Ni9 Stainless Steel →30 days at the temperature of 60 ± 0.5°C Corrosion development between liquid gallium and four typical metal substrates Test object and condition Morphology comparison of corroded surface of the 6063 Aluminum-Alloy (a) and of the T2 Copper-Alloy (b) Corrosion developments between the 6063 Aluminum-Alloy and liquid gallium: a no disturbance is exerted on gallium ball; b small disturbance is exerted on gallium ball. EDS analysis 6063 Aluminum-Alloy T2 Copper-Alloy 1Cr18Ni9 Stainless Steel Anodic Coloring 6063 Aluminum-Alloy Conclusion 6063 Aluminum-Alloy→ Liquid gallium has intense corrosion reaction with it, and the corrosion product is loose, promoting the infiltration of gallium into the corrosion product to form corrosion diffusion area with uniform gallium concentration. The corrosion product is also of low intensity.Thus, the 6063 Aluminum-Alloy cannot be used as the structure material for a liquid metal cooling system. T2 copper→ Liquid gallium not only causes uniform corrosion process to the surface of it, but also has good compatibility with the corrosion layer and can form gallium covered area on the corroded surface. The corrosion resistance level of the T2 Copper-Alloy is between grade 6 and 7, which belongs to a slightly high grade. But the T2 Co