浅析我国股权质押.docVIP

浅析我国股权质押 民商法系 摘要： 所谓股权质押，简单而言，是指出质人以其所拥有的股权作为质押标的物而设立的质押。按照目前世界上大多数国家有关担保的法律制度的规定，质押以其标的物为标准，可分为动产质押和权利质押。股权质押就属于权利质押的一种。即因设立股权质押而使债权人取得对质押股权的担保物权，为股权质押。 相对于日本等国家的法律规定，目前我国法律对股权质押这一问题还缺乏具体明确的规定，在一些重要问题上存在立法疏漏，导致实际应用过程中质权人无法有效实现质权。在大多数国家，股份仍然特指有限公司股东的出资。我国《公司法》 及相关法律法规中，对有限责任公司股东的出资仅称“股东出资”或“股东的出资额”，对股份有限公司才称“股份”，从未混同使用。可见，在我国，“股份”是股份有限公司的特有概念。《担保法》对此概念的不规范使用，导致司法实践中质权人无法明确债务人提供的股权质押是否有效。 其次，对“股份”和“股票”两概念并列使用不妥当。股份，从公司的角度看，是公司资本的成份和公司资本的最小计算单位；从股东的角度来看，是股权存在的基础和计算股权比例的最小单位。而股票,是指公司签发的证明股东持有股份的凭证。股份是股票的价值内涵，股票是股份的存在形式。两者是不同层次的概念，不应并列使用。 由于存在以上的立法缺陷，我国的股权质押并不能确保债权人有效的取得对指压股权的担保物权。随着我国有限责任公司的迅速发展，这一问题愈发显现。本文欲通过对股权质押本身及司法实践中出现的问题进行分析，找出对目前股权质押立法缺陷的改进方法，确保债权人的合法权益得到保障 。 The so-called equity pledge, simple, it is pointed out that quality people to have their shares as a pledge of the subject matter and the establishment of the pledge. According to the present most countries in the world relating to the security of the legal system, with its pledge of the subject matter as the standard, can be divided into chattel mortgage and rights pledge. Pledge on the shares belonging to a pledge of rights. Having a stake in the pledge creditors to achieve the pledge of the equity security interests, equity pledge.  Compared to Japan, and the laws of the country, which is Chinas law on this issue equity pledge lack of specific provisions in a number of important legislation on the issue of oversight, resulting in practical applications in the process can not be effectively achieve qualitative Zhiquanren right. In most countries, the shares still refers Limited shareholders fund. Chinas Company Law and the relevant laws and regulations and the limited liability company shareholders invested only reply was that shareholders investor or shareholders contribution, the Company said it shares have never confuse use. Thus, in our country, shares is a unique concept LTD. Security this concept of the non-standard use, resulting in judicial practice Zhiquanren not clear stake in the debtors