Antibiotiká a chemoterapeutikáPPT.ppt

Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics;ANTIBIOTICS (ATB);;; ATB according to their source: Producers can be: 1.actitnomycetes - aminoglycosides,tetracyclines, macrolides 2.other bacteria (mostly Bacillus sp.) - bacitracin, polymyxin 3.microscopic fungi (penicilium, aspergilum) - penicilíny ATB can be derived also form plants - fytoncides - from annimal tissues – ecmolins ;Bakteriostasis - situation when ATB inhibit multiplication, division of bacterial cell - bacteria are not killed Natural dieing of living form of bacteria is not influenced Baktericidia - killing of bacterial cells by ATB specific impact is during the first 4 hours of ATB therapy if during this period 99 % of bacterial populations is killed the bactericidia is clinically relevant ;ATB according to the type of action 1.Primary bakteristatic -chloramphenikol -tetracyclins -macrolides -sulphonamides -nitrofurans... 2.Primary baktericidal -penicilins -cephalosporins -streptomycine -polymyxin,... Penicilins and cephalosporins are acting only on dividing bacteria Aminoglykosides kill also resting, not dividing cells;ATB according to the spectrum of action: 1. Narrow spectrum of ATBs and chemotherapeutics - allow the targeted therapy of usually 1 bacterial group, species Mycobacterium sp, G+, or only staphylococci: napr. antituberculotics,. antistaphylococcal atbs 2. Broad spectrum ATBs and chemotherapeutics – active on several species (G+ and G-) -aminoglycosides -ampicilin -chloramphenicol -tetracyclins -sulphonamides - ;Mechanism of action at the level of: 1. Synthesis of cell wall 2. Disruption of protoplasmatic membrane 3. Inhibition of pr