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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 53, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2005 3735
Adaptive Power Controllable Retrodirective Array
System for Wireless Sensor Server Applications
Sungjoon Lim, Student Member, IEEE, Kevin M. K. H. Leong, Member, IEEE, and Tatsuo Itoh, Fellow, IEEE
Abstract—An adaptive power controllable retrodirective array
system is presented. It is able to conserve battery power in an
idle mode and wake up only when it needs to operate, extending
the array system’s lifetime. One application of this technology
is for use as wireless sensor servers, which act as a relay point
between wireless sensors and remote data collectors. The proposed
retrodirective array is fabricated and tested at 5.8 GHz and uses
Fig. 1. Conventional wake-up system with a microprocessor.
an integrated rectenna and an analog switch, which controls
a battery power source. When an RF signal is received by the
antenna array, it is split between a rectenna and receiver (RX), and autonomous systems. In the application scenario proposed
where most power is sent to a rectenna. The collected dc voltage
wakes up the system by activating a switch connected to a battery in [4] where the retrodirective array acts as a wireless sensor
and the RX. When there is no interrogation, the switch turns off. server , the array is used to locally collect data from various sen-
Furthermore, the second and third harmonic rejection character- sors and then it is remotely interrogated to extract this collected
istic of a circular sector antenna is introduced so that it makes the data making use of the array’s automatic beam-steering func-
system simpler by eliminating a low-pass
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