段落、错误.ppt

英语段落的组成及写法 英语写作常见错误与分析 东西方思维模式差异对英汉语篇构成的影响 英语：直线型。英语母语人士是直线型思维，一针见血，直抒胸臆，所以英文写作偏爱先总后分，开篇点题。 汉语：螺旋型。东方人思维按箭头方向呈螺旋型，层层铺垫，逐渐接近讨论中心，所以中国人写作喜欢先分后总，卒章显志。 东西方思维模式差异对英汉语篇构成的影响 英文：Soccer is a difficult sport．A player must be able to run steadily without rest. Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head．Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others. They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles． 汉语：足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑，有时得用头顶 球，撞别人或被别人撞，必须忍受双脚和肌肉的疼痛，所以说，足球运动是一项难度大的运动。 英文段落的基本结构 主题句 ↓ 扩展句（1）扩展句（2）扩展句（3） ↓ 结尾句 主题句(Topic sentence) 主题句：一个完整的、用以概括、叙述和说明该段的主题的句子。 主题句的构成： Topic sentence = topic + controlling idea 用来表明作者态度或段落主要内容的一个词或一组词 导向(control)：规定段落的发展脉络，没有导向，内容就会 离题或偏题。 作用： 制约(limit)：限制主题的覆盖范围，没有制约，内容就可能 超出一个段落所能容纳的范围。 主题句(Topic sentence) A：Fake products are dangerous to our society. （topic） （controlling idea） B：He can fix a bicycle himself.　　　 a. He can fix a bicycle himself in several simple steps. 　 b. There are several reasons why he can fix a bicycle himself.　　 She tries to improve her looks.　　　 a. She tries many ways to improve her looks. 　 b. There are some reasons why she tries to improve her looks 主题句的位置 主题句的位置: 段首、段尾、段中、隐含。 例文：Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility – both physical and psychological—has made a great impression on the culture of Californians. Lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders. 如何写好主题句 1) 主题句不能是对事实的具体陈述。 My watch is a minute slow. It is a fine day today. If a product is a copy of other product, it is a fake commo