3-3主谓一致.docVIP

主谓一致 ? 主谓一致是指：1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 ? 　 Reading and writing are very important.注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。　The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is　　B. was　 C. are　 D. were答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别， monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。each(every)?+?单数名词?+?and?+?each(every)?+?单数名词谓语动词用单数 Every?hour?and?every?minute?is?important.每一小时，每一分钟，都很重要。主谓一致中的近原则 ? 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.There?is?an?apple,?two?bananas?and?some?oranges?on?the?plates.盘子里有一个苹果，两条香蕉和一些桔子。2）当连词not?only...but?also/?neither...nor/?or/?either...or/?not...but连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 Not?only?the?students?but?also?the?teacher?is?enjoying?the?film.不仅学生而且老师都在津津乐道地看着电影。 Neither?the?students?nor?the?teacher?knows?anything?about?it.同学们和老师对此都一无所知。 Neither?he?nor?they?are?wholly?right.他和他们，谁都不是完全对的。 Either?he?or?I?am?right.或者他对，或者我对如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Here?comes?the?bus.瞧，公共汽车来了。 Here?is?a?pencil-box?for?you.这儿有一个铅笔盒要给你。 Here?are?my?replies?to?your?questions.这些是我针对你的问题的回答。 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 ? 　 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。　 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating. 6. 谓语用单数 ? 1代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。　 Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch.2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。　 The Arab