下肢后区双语-2016琼.ppt

natal cleft 臀裂 gluteal sulcus 臀沟 Surface anatomy Gluteal region and thigh posterior superior and inferior iliac spines 髂后上、下嵴 tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节 ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节 median sacral crest 骶正中嵴 sacral cornu 骶角 sacral hiatus 骶管裂孔 Origin: from the lateral sides of a dorsal venous arch in the foot. Course: passes behind the distal end of the fibula (lateral malleolus) and up the back of the leg to penetrate deep fascia and join the popliteal vein posterior to the knee. 1. Superficial structures Small saphenous vein 小隐静脉 (1) Skin (2) Superficial fascia superior cluneal n. middle cluneal n inferior cluneal n. lateral femoral cutaneous n. posterior femoral cutaneous n. cutaneous br. of obturator n. medial sural cutaneous n. lateral sural cutaneous n. sural nerve ⑨ Cutaneous nerves ⑧ ⑦ ① ④ ② ⑤ ③ ⑥ saphenous n. common peroneal n. Cutaneous nerves: ③ ⑥ ④ ⑤ ⑧ ⑦ superior cluneal n. medial cluneal n inferior cluneal n. lateral femoral cutaneous n. posterior femoral cutaneous n. cutaneous br. of obturator n. medial sural cutaneous n. lateral sural cutaneous n. sural nerve lymph drainage and lymph nodes 2. Deep structures Deep fascia Ant. osseofascial compartments Med. osseofascial compartments Post. osseofascial compartments three intermuscular septa crural interosseous membrane Ant. osseofascial compartments Lat. osseofascial compartments Post. osseofascial compartments 2. Deep structures Deep fascia three intermuscular septa The gluteal region 殿上皮神经 殿内侧皮神经 殿大肌 臀大肌 臀中肌 臀小肌 梨状肌 股方肌 1. Boundaries 2. Superficial structures 3. Deep structures The deep fascia – the gluteal fascia 　 The muscles of the gluteal region: 3 layers: Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius, Piriformis Gluteus minimus Regional structures Greater sciatic foramen 坐骨大孔 Suprapiriform foramen 梨状肌上孔 Infrapiriform foramen 梨状肌下孔 Lesser sciatic foramen 坐骨小孔 Sacrotuberous ligament Sacrospinous ligament suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramen suprapiriform foramen: superior gluteal N, A and