英文文献《对分布式系统数据库的介绍》.docVIP

An Introduction to Database Systems 1 A Database Management System (DBMS) consists of a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. A database is a collection of data organized to server many applications efficiently by centralizing the data and minimizing redundant data. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use in retrieving and storing database information. Database systems are designed to manage large bodies of information. The management of data involves both the definition of structures for the storage of information and the provision of mechanisms for the manipulation of information stored, despite system must avoid possible anomalous results. The important of information in most organizations, which determines the value of the database, has led to the development of a large body of concepts and techniques for the database, has led to the development of a large body of concepts and techniques for the efficient management of data. The typical file-processing system is supported by a conventional operating system. Permanent records are stored in various files, and different application programs are written to extract records from, and to add records to, the appropriate files. Before the advent of DBMSs, organizations typically stored information using such systems. Keeping organizational information in a file-processing system has a number of major disadvantages. Data redundancy and inconsistency. Data redundancy is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files. Since the files and application programs are created by different programmers over a long period, the various files are likely to have different formats and the programs may be written in several programming languages. Moreover, the same information may be duplicated in several places (files). This redundancy leads to higher storage and access cost. In addition, it may lead to data inconsistency; that is,