分子生物学3-propertiesofnucleicacids.pptVIP

Molecular Biology Chapter 3 Properties of Nucleic acids Bases Ribose and 2‘-deoxyribose Nucleosides Deoxynucleotides Base pairs DNA is usually a right-handed double helix A,B,Z-DNAs Major features of A, B and Z nucleic acid helices A-form B-form Z-form Helical sense Right handed Right handed left handed Diameter ~2.6nm ~2.0nm ~1.8nm Base-pairs/turn(n) 11 10 12 Helix rise/bp 0.26nm 0.34nm 0.37nm Helix pitch 2.8nm 3.4nm 4.5nm Major groove narrow/deep Wide/deep Flat Minor groove Wide/shallow Narrow/deep Narrow/deep Secondary structure of RNA Summary DNA and RNA are chain-lie molecules composed of subunits called nucleotides DNA和RNA是由叫核苷酸的亚单位组成的链状分子 Nucleotides contain a base linked to the 1’-position of a sugar and a phosphate group 核苷酸含一个碱基与糖的1‘位及磷酸基团连接 Phosphate joins the sugars in a DNA or RNA chain through their 5’- and 3’-hydroxyl groups by phosphodiester bonds DNA或RNA中的糖由磷酸基团通过磷酸二酯键将5’和3‘的羟基相连接。 1. Stability of nucleic acids2. Effect of acid 3. Effect of alkaline4. Chemical denaturation5. Viscosity6. Buoyant Density In strong acid and at high temperature, nucleic acids hydrolyze into bases，riboses or deoxylriboses and phosphate. Effect of alkaline (1) Effect of alkaline (2) Buoyant density Equilibrium density gradient centrifugation Spectroscopic and thermal properties UV absorption Hypochromicity Quantification of nucleic acids Purity of DNA Thermal denaturation Renaturation UV absorption and hypochromicity Quantification of nucleic acids Extinction coefficient: 1 mg ml-1 dsDNA has an A260 of 20 1 mg ml-1 ssDNA or RNA has an A260 of 25 Purity of nucleic acids DNA RNA protein A260/A280 1.8 2.0