《园林树木学西农--吉文丽》第一章.ppt

Taxonomy(分类学): the classification of organisms in an ordered hierarchical system that indicates natural and evolutionary relationships between them. -----natural classification Classification(分类): according to the function of woody landscape plants in urban greening.-----artificial classification We will review the principles of systematic classification, the plant nomenclature, and keys first, then learn how to construct and use dichotomous key(分支式检索表).  分类学（taxonomy）可以定义为研究和描述有机体的变异、 探讨这种变异的因果关系、并运用所掌握的资料去建立某个 分类系统的学科。分类学和系统学（systematic）这两个术 语现在常被不严格地作为同义词并用，如果要说两个术语有 些什么不同的含义，那么分类学常用来指分类理论和实践（ 包括它的基础、原理、步骤和规则）而不是它的最终产物（ 分类系统）；系统学是有机体的种类和多样性以及它们间全 部亲缘关系的研究（simpson 1961），比分类学含义多少宽 广些。 Concept of species 物种的概念 ：大家所接受的概念是：种是自然界中客观存在的一种类群，这个类群中的所有个体都有着极其相似的形态特征和生理、生态特性，个体之间可以自然交配产生正常的后代而使种族延续，它们在自然界中占有一定的分布区域。人们就以这种客观存在的类群称为种，也是作为分类的基本单位。 Home work /~kll1/speciesdef.html Important Plant Classification Terminology Genus: Weakly defined as a group of plants containing one or more species. The species have more characteristics in common with each other than they do with species of other genera in the same family. Similarity of flowers and fruits is the most widely used feature of comparison. A genus may contain a single species (e.g., Ginkgo biloba) or more than 100 (e.g., Rosa spp.). The plural of the singular genus is genera Species: A group of individual plants that are fundamentally the same, separated from other closely related species by distinct morphological differences. All individuals in a given species are not identical, but can express variation in certain traits. Species is abbreviated sp. (singular) or spp. (plural). Variety: A population of plants within a species that display clear differences, differences that occur in natural populations. A variety name is written in lower case, italicized or underlined, and preceded by the abbreviation var. For example, Honeylocust is Gleditsia triacanthos whereas the Thornless Honeylocust is Gleditsia