管理学原理英文版-4Environments.ppt

ENVIRONMENT EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTS External -- all the forces and factors outside the firm that can influence or impact it Internal -- corporate culture--includes factors within the organization HOW ENVIRONMENTS CHANGE Environmental change -- refers to the rate of change in a company’s general and specific environments change Stable environments -- change is slow Dynamic environments -- change is fast Punctuated equilibrium -- suggests companies go through long periods of stability, followed by short bursts of dynamic, sometimes fundamental change FACTORS OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS 1. CHANGE 2. COMPLEXITY 3. RESOURCE SCARCITY TYPES OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Firms are confronted with two broad types of external environment. General Specific GENERAL ENVIRONMENT Components of the General environment are 1. The National Economy 2. The Tech part 3. The Sociocultural element 4. The Politico-Legal SPECIFIC COMPONENT 1. Customer base 2. Competitors 3. Suppliers EYE ON THE ENVIRONMENT Any firm must keep a constant eye on environmental change -- even try to anticipate it Environmental scanning -- the process of continually searching the environment for factors and events that may impact the firm THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT The internal environment of the firm is essentially its corporate or organizational culture It is the set of values, principles, traditions that drive the company and defines its unique character Culture emanates often from principles of the founder SOURCES OF CORPORATE CULTURE The sources of corporate culture come from the principle and values of the founder From organizational stories that exemplify and reinforce the culture From organizational heroes -- who contributed greatly to the firm The corporate vision sums up the firm’s purpose for existence CHANGING CORPORATE CULTURE Sometimes it is necessary to change corporate culture to meet new contingencies 1. Adaptability is key 2. Behavior additions or changes 3. B