宾语从句语法详解及习题.docVIP

宾语从句语法详解及习题 宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句通常由连词that和whether(if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导： 1. that引导 （肯定句） We believe that he is honest. The doctor insists that I give up smoking. 2. whether /if 引导 （一般疑问句） I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 3. 连接代词引导 （3-5特殊疑问句） I don’t know who you mean. Please tell me which you like. 4. 连接副词引导 He asked why he had to go alone. You don’t know when you are lucky. 5. 关系代词what引导 She has got what she wanted. I want tell you what I hear. 二、宾语从句与形式宾语it 当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末： I think it best that you should stay here. He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married. 三、连词that的省略问题 引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略。 She said (that) she would come to the meeting. I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 四、宾语从句与否定转移 当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，第一人称作主语时，其否定通常转移到主语： I don’t suppose that it is true. I don’t imagine that he will come. I don’t suppose I’ll trouble you again. 五、宾语从句的时态 1. 当主句是一般现在时，则宾语从句可以根据实际需要用各种时态 He says he will ask Mr Hu to give Jim some work. He says that Jim isn’t lazy. 2. 如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过去时的某种形式。 (1)如果宾语从句的动作和主句动作紧接发生，则从句用一般过去时。 She said she missed us very much. (2)如果宾语从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，则从句用过去进行时。 He said that he was working hard on his Chinese. (3)如果宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，则宾语从句用过去完成时。 He said that he had bought one yet. (4)如果宾语从句动作发生在主句动作之后，则宾语从句用过去将来时。 Betty said she would visit her uncle next Sunday. (5)如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。 六、宾语从句的语序----陈述句语序 1. whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句须用陈述句语序 He asked whether they needed some more tea. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句时由whether或if引导，须注意语序变化。 Will Tom be back soon? Could you tell us? - Could you tell us if(whether) Tom will be back soon? 2. 连接代词what, which, who, whose等和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句须用陈述句语序 I don’t know where he lives. (误：I don’t know where dose he live.) 七、宾语从句和简单句的转换 英语中含宾语从句的复合句可转化为简单句，意思不变。下面介绍几种常见的简化宾语从句的方法： 1. 改为不定式 (1)改为“动词+不定式短语” 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide, promise(许诺)等动词，且主语和从句的主语相同时，可进行这种转换。 He hopes that he can get a highe