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- 2018-02-09 发布于江苏
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水肥耦合对小麦根系及根际微环境的影响
水肥耦合对小麦根系及根际微环境的影响
摘要:以郑麦9023为材料,通过不同水肥耦合处理,研究了水肥耦合下小麦根系及根际微环境变化的差异。结果表明,在同一水分条件下,增施氮肥显著增加单位面积穗数,最终产量表现为施氮肥200 kg/hm2的处理>施氮肥300 kg/hm2的处理>不施氮肥的处理;同一氮肥处理下,灌水处理增加了单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量。从耦合效益来看,施氮肥200 kg/hm2、拔节期灌水750 m3/hm2的处理的产量最高;且提高根系中各有机酸含量、土壤微生物数量、根系活力、土壤全氮含量。根系分泌物中乙酸、柠檬酸含量与三大类土壤微生物数量呈极显著正相关,琥珀酸含量与土壤微生物数量呈显著正相关,而苹果酸含量与土壤微生物无明显相关性。
关键词:小麦;水肥耦合;根系;微环境
中图分类号:S512.1.06文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-811421-4350-03
Effect of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Roots and Rhizosphere Microenvironment of Wheat
XU Guo-wei1,2,CHANG Er-hua2,CHEN Ming-can1,LI You-jun1
Abstract: Using Zhengmai 9023 as expriment material, the effect of water and fertilizer coupling on roots and rhizosphere microenvironment of wheat were investigate. Applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase the number of spike significantly under the same water condition. The grain yield order of different nitrogen application treatment was 200 kg/hm2 > 300 kg/hm2 > control. Irrigation increased the number of spike, the grain number per spike, the biomass per 1 000 grains and the yield of wheat under the same nitrogen application condition. In the treatment of appllying 200 kg/hm2 N with irrigating water 750 m3/hm2, the grain yield was the highest, the content of organic acid and activity of root and total nitrogen and the microbe number in soil was improved. Besides, the content of acetic acid and citric acid exudated by root had significant positive correlation with the number of microbe in soil; but no obvious correlation between the content of malic acid and the number of microbe in soil was observed.
Key words: wheat; water and fertilizer coupling; roots; microenviroment
近年来,随着根际微生态学的建立和发展,根系分泌物已成为植物营养学和根际微生态学研究的重要内容[1]。根系作为植物与土壤的接触面,从土壤中吸收水分、养分的同时,也是激素合成的场所。长期以来,国内外学者围绕作物根系的形态、生理等通过木质部传导直接对地上部植株发生调控作用方面开展了广泛而深入的研究[2-7],但围绕根系分泌物的研究相对薄弱。它的合成、释放、在根际的消长动态及其对植物养分吸收、生长发育的影响等方面都具有重要的理论研究价值和实践意义。
干旱对世界经济和社会造成的损失相当于其他各种自然灾害造成的损失之和[8]。水分和养分成为限制旱地作物产量高低的两个重要因子,不少学者曾围绕水肥耦合对作物产量、光合特性、养分及水分利用、
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