[工学]数电课件chapter02.ppt

CHAPTER 2NUMBER SYSTEMS,OPERATIONS,AND CODES数字系统、运算和编码 2-1 DECIMAL NUMBERS十进制数 Introductory Paragraph You are familiar with the decimal number system because you use decimal numbers every day. Although decimal numbers are commonplace, their weighted structure is often not understood. In this section, the structure of decimal numbers is reviewed. Their review will help you more easily understand the structure of the binary number system, which is important in computers and digital electronics. Decimal Review Numbers consist of a bunch of digits, each with a weight. Nothing Special about 10! Decimal system (and the idea of “0”) was invented in India around 100-500AD. Why did they use 10? Anything special about it? Not really. Probably the fact that we have 10 fingers influenced this. Will a base other than 10 work? Sure. 2-2 BINARY NUMBERS二进制数 Introductory Paragraph The binary number system is simply another way to represent quantities. The binary system is less complicated than the decimal system because it has only two digits. It may seem more difficult at first because it is unfamiliar to you. The decimal system with its ten digits is a base-ten system; the binary system with its two digits is a base-two system. The two digits (bits) are 1 and 0. The position of a 1 or 0 in a binary number indicates its weight, or value within the number, just as the position of a decimal digit determines the value of that digit. The weights in a binary number are based on powers of two. Counting in Binary A binary count of 0 through 15 is shown below. As you will see, 4 bits are required to count from 0 to 15. Counting Tennis Balls Going into a box from a Conveyor Belt The counter counts the pulses from a sensor that detects the passing of a ball and produces a sequence of logic levels (digital waveforms) on each of its four parallel outputs. Each set of logic levels represent a 4-bit binary number. The decoder decodes each set of four bits and converts it to the cor