[理学]成功发表论文指南.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Conflicts of interest Editors, authors, and peer reviewers have a responsibility to disclose interests that might appear to affect their ability to present or review data objectively. These include relevant financial (for example patent ownership, stock ownership, consultancies, speakers fees), personal, political, intellectual, or religious interests. Financial conflicts may be the easiest to identify but they may not be the most influential. Horton R.?Lancet1997;349:1112-13. We want to try to have a policy that covers all conflicts of interest. Other sources of conflict are personal, political, academic, and religious, and we believe that these may be just as potent as financial conflicts. Smith R.?BMJ?1994;308:4. Editors and board members should, whenever these are relevant to the content being considered or published, declare their interests and affiliations. Editors should seek disclosure statements from all authors and peer reviewers and should clearly explain the types of conflicts of interest that should be disclosed. Authors conflicts of interest (or information describing the absence of conflicts of interest) should be published whenever these are directly or indirectly relevant to the content being published and whenever they are significant. For example, owning USD10 stock in a company that manufactures a product discussed in an article would not be significant, whereas consultancy fees of USD10,000 annually or the equivalent of 5% of an authors gross income from the previous year could be considered significant. Editors may consider not publishing details of authors interests when these interests have no relevance to the content being published. If there is doubt about whether conflicts are relevant or significant, it is prudent to disclose. The existence of a conflict of interest (for example, employment with a research funder) should not prevent someone from being listed as an author if they qualify for authorsh