Book4Unit_01_语法.ppt

* Subject–verb Agreement 主 谓 一 致 Grammar The team ____ some good players. (have) The team ____ handsome. (be) has are The group ___ made up of nine students. (be) The group ____ dancing happily. (be) are is The singer and dancer ___ on the stage. (be) A knife and fork ___ used for meals. (be) is is 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。 二、意义一致 三、就近原则 一、语法一致 Subject–verb Agreement 主谓一致 主谓一致主要有以下几种情况： 主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式； 主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 例如： I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。 We often help each other. 我们经常互相帮助。 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数； 可数名词的复数形式作主语， 谓语动词用复数。 一、语法一致 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数； 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如： The crowd were surrounding the government official. 人群包围了这位政府官员。 Maths is hard to learn. 数学难学。 二、意义一致 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。 三、就近原则 A. There is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk. =There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk. =There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk. 在表存在的there be 句式中，主语是 两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的 形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持 一致。 B. 由here， there等引导的倒装句中， 若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最 近的主语保持一致。如： a. Here comes the bus. b. Here is a pen and two books for you. C. a. Neither you nor I am wrong. Neither I nor you are wrong. b. Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music. 用连词 or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。 and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代 词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种情 况： He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不饶人。 注意的规则 and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或 物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 A.表整体概念的并列结构： bread and butter knife and fork iron and steel law and order B.配套事物： a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fo