功率守恒定律14CircuitElements.PPTVIP

Electric Circuits 电路 FU Li-jun 付立军 Dalian Nationalities University 大连民族学院 Introduction Part 1 DC Circuits An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements（元件） 1.1 Current Electric current is the time rate of change of charge, measured in amperes (A) Two main types Direct Current (DC) : Current remains constant with time, represented by the symbol I The direction of current flow is conventionally taken as the direction of positive charge movement 1.2 Voltage Voltage (or potential difference（电位差）) is the energy required to move a unit charge through an element, measured in volts (V) The plus(+) and minus (-) signs are used to define reference direction or voltage polarity 1.3 Power and Energy Power is the time rate of absorbing energy, measured in watts (W) Passive sign convention Law of conservation of power: 1.4 Circuit Elements 1. Active elements : 1. A voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS) Example 1.2 Calculate the power supplied or absorbed by each element. 部分电路图和内容参考了： 电路基础（第3版），清华大学出版社 电路（第5版），高等教育出版社 特此感谢！ * （直流电路） （交流电路） （高级电路分析） Part 2 AC Circuits Part 3 Advanced Circuit Analysis 1.1 Current 1.3 Power and Energy 1.2 Voltage 1.4 Circuit Elements Chapter 1 Basic Concepts 电流 Alternating Current (AC) : Current varies sinusoidally with time, represented by the symbol i Direction of current must be specified by an arrow Reference direction 参考方向 Mathematically, 电压 reference ground 参考地 va=9V vb=-9V The power p is called the instantaneous power 功率和能量 瞬时功率 If p=vi0, the element is absorbing power If p=vi0, the element is supplying power The current enters through the positive terminal of an element . absorbed power supplied power 关联参考方向 吸收功率 发出功率 Σp = 0 The algebraic sum of power in a circuit, at any instant of time, must be zero: 功率守恒定律 2. Passive elements: Two types of elements: Independent source Dep