[工学]北京航空航天大学 材料力学课件 Chapt1-2004wqz.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction §1 Objective of the course §2 Basic assumptions for material properties §3 External Load and Internal Forces §4 Concept of Stress §5 Concept of Strain §6 Hookes law 杆 §2 Basic Assumptions for Material Properties关于材料的基本假设 Continuity Homogeneity Isotropy Summary Continuity ： Mechanical properties can be expressed as continuous functions Homogeneity： Material behaviors are independent of the location of a point Isotropy ：Material behaviors are independent of the direction at a point 外力External Forces ： Loads载荷and Reactions约束反力 Three-Dimensional State of Stresses Plane State of Stresses One Dimensional State of Stresses Shearing State of Stresses §6胡克定律Hookes law Hooke’s experimental instrument 拉压Tension and Compression 扭转Torsion 弯曲Bending ?受力和变形的基本形式: The Basic Forms of Load and Deformation 轴 梁 Steel Micro: non- continuous Macro: continuous Mechanical properties can be expressed as continuous functions 材料力学主要研究材料的宏观力学行为 ? 连续性假设：材料无空隙地充满于整个构件。 ——力学量可以用坐标的连续函数表示。 铁碳合金（0.2C%） Micro: non-homogeneous Macro: homogeneous Material behaviors are independent of the location of a point ? 均匀性假设：构件内每一处的力学性能相同。 ——通过试样得到的材料性能可用于构件的任何部位。 Micro: Anisotropic Macro: Isotropic Metal Material behaviors are independent of the direction at a point ? 各向同性假设： 构件某一处材料沿各个方向的力学性能均相同 Anisotropic Material Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material §3　外力与内力External and Internal Forces F1 F2 表面力：气、液体压力，接触力 体积力：重力，惯性力，电磁力。 Distributed force分布力 Point force集中力 静载荷Static load ：不随时间改变或变化较慢。 动载荷Dynamic load ：随时间显著变化或使构件各质点产生明显加速度 Review of Statics The structure is designed to support a 30 kN load Perform a static analysis to determine the internal force in each structural member and the reaction forces at the supports The structure consists of a boom and rod joined by pins (zero moment connections) at the junctions and supports Structure Free-Body Diagram Structure is detached from supports and the loads an