岩浆岩石学Ch 15 Continental Flood Basalts.ppt

Chapter 15: Continental Flood Basalts Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) Oceanic plateaus Some rifts Continental flood basalts (CFBs) Tectonic Setting of CFBs Continental hot spots Continental rifting may be associated with hot spots Successful rifts Failed rifts (aulacogens) Figure 15-1. Columbia River Basalts at Hat Point, Snake River area. Cover of Geol. Soc. Amer Special Paper 239. Photo courtesy Steve Reidel. Figure 15-2. Flood basalt provinces of Gondwanaland prior to break-up and separation. After Cox (1978) Nature, 274, 47-49. Figure 15-3. Relationship of the Etendeka and Paraná plateau provinces to the Tristan hot spot. After Wilson (1989), Igneous Petrogenesis. Kluwer. Present setting of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the Northwestern United States. Winter (2001). An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. Figure 15-5. Time-averaged extrusion rate of CRBG basalts as a function of time, showing cumulative volume. After Hooper (1988a) The Columbia River Basalt. In J. D. Macdougall (ed.), Continental Flood Basalts. Kluwer. 1-34. Figure 15-6. Variation in wt.% of selected major element oxides vs. Mg# for units of the Columbia River Basalt Group. Winter (2001). An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. Data from BVTP (Table 1.2.3.3), Hooper (1988a), Hooper and Hawkesworth (1993). Figure 15-7. Condrite-normalized rare earth element patterns of some typical CRBG samples. Winter (2001). An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. Data from Hooper and Hawkesworth (1993) J. Petrol., 34, 1203-1246. Figure 15-8. N-MORB-normalized spider diagram for some representative analyses from the CRBG. Winter (2001). An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. Data from Hooper and Hawkesworth (1993) J. Petrol., 34, 1203-1246. Picture Gorge from Bailey (1989) Geol. Soc. Amer. Special Paper, 239, 67-84. Figure 15-9. OIB-normalized spider diagram for some representative CRBG