岩浆岩石学Ch 20 Anorthosites.ppt

Chapter 20: Anorthosites Plutonic rocks with over 90% plagioclase No known volcanic equivalents Highly felsic nature and their location in continental areas they share with granitoid rocks The felsic mineral, however, is a calcic plagioclase, which, along with associated high-temperature mafic minerals, suggests a stronger similarity to basaltic rocks Chapter 20: Anorthosites Ashwal (1993) listed six major types or anorthosite occurrences: 1. Archean anorthosite plutons 2. Proterozoic “massif-type” anorthosite plutons 3.?Centimeter-to-100m thick layers in layered mafic intrusions 4. Thin cumulate layers in ophiolites/oceanic crust 5. Small inclusions in other rock types (xenoliths and cognate inclusions) 6. Lunar highland anorthosites Chapter 20: Anorthosites Chapter 20: Anorthosites Chapter 20: Anorthosites Chapter 20: Anorthosites Chapter 20: Anorthosites Chapter 20: Anorthosites Chapter 20: Anorthosites Chapter 20: Anorthosites Chapter 20: Anorthosites Figure 20-1a. a. “Snowflake” clusters of plagioclase crystals from the Fisken?sset complex, W. Greenland. Myers (1985) Stratigraphy and structure of the Fisken?sset complex, West Greenland. Gr?nl. Geol. Unders. Bull 150. Photograph courtesy John Myers. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. Figure 20-1a. a. ?Typical texture of Archean anorthosite. From the Fisken?sset complex, W. Greenland. Myers (1985) Stratigraphy and structure of the Fisken?sset complex, West Greenland. Gr?nl. Geol. Unders. Bull 150. Photograph courtesy John Myers. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. Figure 20-2. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element diagram for some typical Archean anorthosites from the Bad Vermillion (Ontario) and Fisken?sset (Greenland) bodies. Data from Seifert et al. (1997) Can. J. Earth Sci., 14, 1033-1045; Simmons and Hanson (1978) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 66, 19-135; and Ashwal et al. (1989) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 91,