美国数学建模2012B一等奖论文14305.docxVIP

Fantastic Mathematics for the Fantastic Tree LeavesSummaryThe aim of this paper is to analyses the correlation between the shape of leaves and ability to expose to sunlight, distribution of leaves within the volume of tree as well as the profile of trees. Besides, analyses the correlation between the mass of leaves and characteristics of tree. Overall, the analysis highlights the strictness of proof. All the vector calculi have been deduced. The paper analyzed reason for the diversity of leaf and summarize the common points of leaves ,based on it, presented a new computer simulation method based on the results of survey that shadow of leaves casted have no regularity when few layers of shadows are casted. By generating leaves of different shapes in the contour of trees and calculating the coordinates of shadows on the projecting plane through vector calculus, projecting area is obtained. The conclusion is that ellipse leaves have minimum overlapping rate when the coverage rates are nearly same. Ellipse leaves can maximize sunlight exposure, other arbitrary shaped leaves are weaker and the diamond shaped is the weakest. For all the ellipse shaped leaves, the needle shaped one has lower overlapping rate, which can be got from simulations alike under the premise that area of leaves are the same. When the distribution of branches is determined, the effect of leaves on the profile of tree is negligible, the term that distribution of leaves within the volume of tree and branches are equal consequently. Hence by simulating distribution of leaves and branches with same leaf area and leaf shape for several times, several kinds of distribution of branches are obtained. Due to the similarities of coverage rate and the conclusion got from Pearson correlation analysis that coverage rate have no relation between overlapping rate. As a result, distribution of branches has no effect on the shape of leaves. Change of profile of trees leads to the change of projection of trees, by al