ch一绪论教学教程教学稿件.ppt

CHAPTER 1 The Science of Macroeconomics slide * macroeconomics CHAPTER ONE The Science of Macroeconomics macro College of Management, HUST 目录 1. 宏观经济学研究的主要问题 2. 为什么学习宏观经济学 3. 宏微观经济学的关系 美国的GDP (单位：10亿美元) 经济衰退 为期最长的经济增长 失业率 劳动市场是否总是均衡的，哪些因素影响劳动市场的均衡？ 市场经济能否自发地保持充分就业？ 失业率是否越低越好？ 宏观经济学研究的主要问题 通货膨胀 通货膨胀是有利、有害还是中性？ 货币的供给与需求是如何确定的？ 通货膨胀率与失业率之间存在什么样的关系？ 是否应该实行价格管制？ 宏观经济学研究的主要问题 国际收支 国际贸易是否对所有国家都有利？ 贸易顺差越大越好吗？ 对汇率是否应该管制或者固定？ 国际金融危机是如何形成的，应该如何防范？ 宏观经济学研究的主要问题 宏观经济政策 政府干预对市场经济是有利还是有害？ 财政政策和货币政策应当如何配合使用？ 我国最近几年的财政货币政策是有效还是无效？ 宏观经济学研究的主要问题 Return 为什么要学习宏观经济学 宏观经济运行情况决定一国的国际地位 实践证明经济政策对经济运行有重大影响 宏观经济政策是竞选或执政纲领的要点 宏观经济学是参政、议政和评价国家经济政策和经济形势的必备知识 宏观经济形势和政策是微观经济决策的依据 发展市场经济需要人们普遍懂得市场经济的游戏规则 Return 宏微观经济学的关系 微观经济的主体与目标 主体：家庭、企业 目标： 家庭：效用最大化 企业：利润最大化 To the professor: Much of this chapter is review to students who have taken principles of economics. I’d encourage you to consider one of the following: 1. Spend relatively little time on it (perhaps one 50-minute class session), because it’s perhaps the easiest chapter in the book, and because there often is not quite enough time in the semester to cover all the chapters we’d like to cover. 2. Couple this chapter with some type of classroom activity or discussion, to engage your students, motivate the topic, and set the tone for a great semester. Idea: find two articles from current periodicals with opposing viewpoints on the same issue; bring copies to class; randomly assign students into pairs; in each pair, one student reads one of the articles, the other student reads the other article; allow 15 minutes for students to read their assigned article; then each student gets 5 minutes to teach the content of his or her article to the other student in the pair; then 10 minutes of class discussion. Note: I’ve added a fair amount of extra material to the PowerPoint presentation of this chapter, especially material that motivates the study of macroeconomics. If you want to get through the chapter more quickly, you might co