[工学]07- DataLinkControl.ppt

At the receiver: Stop and wait 信道利用率（ Utilization (efficiency)）指出某信道有百分之几的时间是被利用的（有数据通过）。完全空闲的信道的利用率是零。 吞吐量(throughput)表示在单位时间内通过某个网络（或信道、接口）的数据量。 吞吐量更经常地用于对现实世界中的网络的一种测量，以便知道实际上到底有多少数据量能够通过网络。 吞吐量受网络的带宽或网络的额定速率的限制。 滑动窗口流量控制 发送窗口 每发送一帧，窗口从左侧缩小一格 每收到一帧的确认，窗口向右侧增大一格 窗口最大值W初始时刻设置，不能超过2k-1 接收窗口 每接收一帧，窗口从左侧缩小一格 每发送一帧的确认，窗口向右侧增大一格 窗口的最大值根据不同的协议，初始值不同。 Go-back-n ARQ ，接收窗口W=1 Vertical Bar 左侧为确认过的帧，右侧为尚未确认的帧 肯定确认与否定确认 RR 3 Ready to receive frame number 3 All frames up to frame number 2 were received RNR 5 Receive not ready All frames up to number 4 were received But unable to accept any more W ≥ 1+2a，that is Wtf tT W1+2a，that is Wtf tT Question Why the maximum window size is 2k-1? P220 * The figure gives an example of the use of stop-and-wait ARQ, showing the transmission of a sequence of frames from source A to destination B. The third frame transmitted by A is lost or damaged and therefore no ACK is returned by B. A times out and retransmits the frame. Later, A transmits a frame labeled 1 but the ACK0 for that frame is lost. A times out and retransmits the same frame. When B receives two frames in a row with the same label, it discards the second frame but sends back an ACK0 to A. * In this method, a station may send a series of frames sequentially numbered modulo some maximum value. The number of unacknowledged frames outstanding is determined by window size, using the sliding-window flow control technique. While no errors occur, the destination will acknowledge (RR = receive ready, or piggybacked acknowledgement) incoming frames as usual. If the destination station detects an error in a frame, it sends a negative acknowledgment (REJ = reject) for that frame. * The figure is an example of the frame flow for go-back-N ARQ. Because of the propagation delay on the line, by the time that an acknowledgment (positive or negative) arrives back at the sending station, it has already sent at least one additional frame beyond the one being acknowledged. In t