[工学]电池及其电化学.ppt

2011 SpringFuel Cell and Electrochemistry Lecture 6: MCFC Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Molten Carbonate fuel cell Advantages noble metal catalysts are not required; being developed for natural gas and coal-based power plants; High efficieny; Fuel flexibility; for industrial, electrical utility, and military applications Need for CO2 at cathode transfer the CO2 from the anode exit gas to the cathode inlet gas (CO2 transfer device); produce CO2 by combusting the anode exhaust gas, which is mixed directly with the cathode inlet gas; supply CO2 from an alternate source High temperature Effect Advantages achieve higher overall system efficiencies; greater fuel flexibility Disadvantages severe demands on the corrosion stability and life of cell components, particularly in the aggressive environment of the molten carbonate electrolyte; Need special structure to hold molten electrolyte---capillary pressures to establish the electrolyte interfacial boundaries Electrolyte fabrication Electrolyte management control over the optimum distribution of molten carbonate electrolyte in the different cell components 1980: hot pressing (about 5,000 psi) mixtures of LiAlO2 and alkali carbonates; 1) void spaces (5 porosity), 2) poor uniformity of microstructure, 3) generally poor mechanical strength, and 4) high iR drop Now: Tape casting or electrophretic deposition Dispersing the ceramic powder in a solvent23 that contains dissolved binders (usually an organic compound), plasticizers, and additives to yield the proper slip rheology. The slip is cast over a moving smooth substrate, and the desired thickness is established with a doctor blade device Tape caster Li-rich electrolyte: Higher ionic conductivities, and hence lower ohmic polarization, better than Na2CO3 and K2CO3; Gas solubility and diffusivity are lower, and corrosion is more rapid in Li2CO3. Electrolyte structures containing 45 wt% LiAlO2 and 55 wt% molten carbonate (62 mol% Li2CO3-38 mol% K2CO3) have a specific conductiv