[英语考试]笔译词语的选择、引申和褒贬.pptVIP

词语的选择、引申和褒贬 一、词义的选择 英汉两种语言都有一词多类，一词多义的现象。在英汉翻译过程中，我们要弄清楚原句结构中关键词的词义。选择和确定词义通常从以下两个方面着手： (一) 根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义。 Like Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. (adj.) 相同的电荷相斥；不同的电荷相吸。 He likes mathematics more than physics. (v.) 比起物理，他更喜欢数学。 In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. (prep.) 在射入窗户的阳光里，细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发亮。 Like knows like. (n.) 英雄识英雄。 (二) 根据上下文联系以及句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。 He is the last man to do it. 他决不会干那件事。 He is the last person for such a job. 他最不配（最不适合）干这工作。 He should be the last to blame. 怎么也不应该去怪他。 He is the last man to consult. 根本不宜找他商量。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 我怎么也没有料到会在这个地方见到你。 练习 1. It is not right for children to sit up late. The plane was right above our heads. In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed. She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery. 2. It has been said that the individual American is generous, but that the American nation is hard. 3. IBM has a quite handsome increase of productivity this year. 4. Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century. 5. Race relations in the USA continue to be a thorny problem. 6. Traditional consumer attitudes are a major obstacle for cyber-merchants. 7. Wildfires caused by lightning or human carelessness are a serious problem in heavily forested area. 8. Geography has given the United States extensive and accessible resources, fertile land and a beneficial climate. 二、词义的引申 （一）将词义作抽象化的引申 1．将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词 There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of the imperialists. 帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。 Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜和苦。 2．将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词 See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. 在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。 （二）将词义作具体化的引申 1、英语中也有用代表抽象概念或属性的词来表示一种具体事物，译成汉语时一般可作具体