浅析Lakoff的体验哲学.ppt

On Lakoff’s Embodied Philosophy Philosophical Studies Language Studies (Relationship) Philosophical Divergence: Empiricism and Chomsky’s Rationalism Language Studies: the embodiment of the philosophical divergence, including 1. Observing the usage of language (Empiricism) 2. Viewing language as the innate gift of human beings (Rationalism) The Popular Study of Cognitive Linguistics The popular study of cognitive linguistics combines empiricism with rationalism, which is to study human mind and cognition based on the embodiment. Lakoff’s Embodied Philosophy What Lakoff elaborates in his book Philosophy in the Flesh— The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought differentiates from the above two traditional philosophical schools. He insists the Embodied Philosophy lays the philosophical foundation for cognitive linguistics. Embodied Mind Lakoff offers three complementary but distinct sorts of arguments in favor of embodiment. First, he argues that certain concepts, such as color and spatial relation concepts, which can be almost entirely understood through the examination of how processes of perception or motor control work.(人们在经验和行为中形成了概念和范畴，语义与此同时形成。) Second, based on cognitive linguistics’ analysis of figurative language, he argues that the reasoning we use for such abstract topics as warfare, economics, or morality is somehow rooted in the reasoning we use for such mundane topics as spatial relationships. Finally, based on research in cognitive psychology and some investigations in the philosophy of language, he argues that very few of the categories used by humans are actually of the black-and-white type amenable to analysis in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions. On the contrary, most categories are supposed to be much more complicated and messy, just like our bodies. * *