科技词汇的翻译方法.pptVIP

科技词汇的特点与译法 1.科技文体的词汇特点： A.纯科技词：anode (阳极 ) isotope (同位素) B.通用科技词:power, operation, transmission C.派生词: antibiotics, microbiology D.合成词：horsepower, blueprint ,dust-free E.缩写词：CAD（computer assisted design） F.借用词：robot , xerox 2.科技词汇的翻译方法与技巧 1.直译 : 直接译出词的所指意义 1) 移植 (transplant) 按词典给出的意义将词的各词素的意义依次翻译出来,多用于派生词和复合词. Microwave 微波 de-moil 脱脂 Super conduct antiballistic missile Dataphone dayglow Linear-induction motor capacitor Contractor distributor projector 2).音译 (transliteration) Formica Cadillac aspirin quinine nylon Sonar carbine AIDS bit (IPA) 专有名词 新材料 新产品 新概念 缩略词 3).象形译 (pictographic translation) 1)象译 根据所指物体的形状进行翻译.看这个物体象什么. H-beam U-steel V-belt Y-curve 2)形译, 根据词的形状进行翻译. L-electron R-ray d-brass B-vitamin Translate the following terms into Chinese. 1.power station 2.fossil fuel 3.sun spot 4.space probe 5.worm gear 6.tree ring 7.centrifugal governor 8.cardiac performance 2.意译 1.推演 根据词典所给的意义和原文具体的语境推断某个词的词义. Space shuttle 2.引申 即不脱离原文的基础运用延伸或扩展的方法进行翻译.通常的做法有两种:一是将具体引向抽象,如 brain-trust;另一种是将具体的意义引向抽象, 如data qualification. 3.解释 一种辅助性翻译手段,即用译文解释原文意思.多用于个别初次出现而意义较抽象或含义较深刻的名词和专业术语. Exercise Ball bearing test bed carrier rocket Tractor shoe monkey driver ball cock Decay daughter foreign tissue ghost image I-bar O-ring T-square zigzag chain nose cap 科技英语中的复数形式与缩略语 1.The plural forms There are many words in EST of Latin or Greek origin. They often end in –a,-on,-um,-us, etc. The plural forms of these words are different from the regular forms. For example, the plural form of bacterium is bacteria. Many, especially those in general use, now only have a regular form (e.g. electron--electrons). Some have alterative plural forms (e.g. spectrum—spectra/ spectrums), which are both acceptable. But the Latin or Greek form is more formal. More examples are provided in the following: Word ending Singular form plural form -a(+