[工学]02航向稳定性和回转性.ppt

* REFERENCES: CRENSHAW, CHAP 3 Notes: THE PROPELLER WILL GENERATE BOTH LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE FORCES. TWIN SCREW SHIPS CAN OPPOSE THE LONGITUDINAL FORCES TO CREATE A TWISTING MOMENT. CRENSHAW COMPARES SIDE FORCE (TRANSVERSE FORCE) TO A PADDLE WHEEL AFFECT WITH THE PROPELLER WALKING ACROSS THE BOTTOM. WHEN GOING AHEAD, A RIGHT HAND SCREW WILL FORCE THE STERN TO STARBOARD AND THE BOW TO PORT. A LEFT HAND SCREW DOES THE OPPOSITE. * REFERENCES: MSI STUDENT GUIDE Notes: CONTROL REVERSIBLE PITCH PROPELLERS ALWAYS TURN THE SAME DIRECTION AND THEREFORE SIDE FORCES ARE CONSTANT WHETHER THE SCREW IS GOING AHEAD OR ASTERN. FFG: RIGHT HAND SCREW FOR ALL BELLS. AHEAD BELLS DRIVE STERN TO STARBOARD AT LOW SPEED. ASTERN BELL ALSO MOVES STERN TO STARBOARD. WASH WILL BE DIRECTED AT THE PORT SIDE OF THE STERN. EVEN AT ALL STOP, PROPELLER CONTINUES TO ROTATE, SO STILL HAVE STERN WALK. TWIN SCREW (DD-963/DDG-993/CG-47): INBOARD TURNING FOR ALL BELLS (PORT CW/STBD CCW). SIDE FORCES CANCEL EVEN WHEN TWISTING. * * 1 * * * REFERENCES: HOOYER, CHAP 1 Notes: THE SECOND CONCEPT TO KEEP IN MIND IS THE PIVOT POINT. REMEMBER THE PIVOT POINT WILL MOVE ABOUT THE SHIP DEPENDING ON YOUR ORDERED ENGINES. WHEN DIW, THE PIVOT POINT IS GENERALLY HALF OF THE DISTANCE FROM THE BOW TO THE STERN. WHEN INITIALLY ORDERING ENGINES FROM DIW, THE PIVOT POINT SHIFTS FORWARD WITH AN AHEAD BELL AND AFT WITH A BACKING BELL. ONCE FRICTIONAL INERTIA IS OVERCOME AND MOMENTUM FORE OR AFT IS ACHIEVED, THE HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HULL WILL TAKE EFFECT. THE PIVOT POINT WILL SETTLE BACK AT ABOUT 1/3 OF THE DISTANCE FROM THE STEM (AHEAD) OR THE STERN (BACKING) WHEN THE SHIP IS STEADY STATE STEAMING. * * REFERENCES: HOOYER, CHAP 1 Notes: THIS SLIDE ILLUSTRATES HOW A ROTATIONAL MOTION IS CREATED AROUND THE PIVOT POINT WHEN A FORCE -- IN THIS CASE TUGS PUSHING THE SHIP -- IS APPLIED RELATIVE TO THE PIVOT POINT. WITH EQUAL FORCE APPLIED, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TUGS VARIES WITH