常减压精馏塔的性能测定与优化设计.docVIP

常减压精馏塔的性能测定与优化设计 摘要 精馏之所以是液体混合物得到较完全的分离，关键在于回流作用。回流包括塔顶浓度易挥发组分液体和塔底高浓度难挥发组分蒸气两者返回塔中。汽液回流形成了逆流相接的汽液两相，从而在塔的两端分别得到相当纯净的单组分产品。塔顶回入塔的液体量与塔顶产品量之比，称为回流比，它是精馏操作的一个重要控制参数，它的变化影响精馏操作的分离效果和能耗。因此，以节能降耗、中间换热节能、充分利用过程能量、产品质量等方面来对精馏过程的整体优化和精馏塔的具体优化，来达到精馏塔的性能和产品质量。 精馏过程的实质是迫使混合物的气、液两相在塔体中作逆向流动，利用混合液中各组分具有不同的挥发度，在相互接触的过程中，液相中的轻组分转入气相，而气相中的重组分则逐渐进入液相从而实现液体混合物的分离，因此，精馏塔操作弹性的好坏直接关系到石油化工企业的经济效益。 关键词：精馏；节能volatile component liquid and bottom high concentration of volatile components in the vapor between the two return to the tower. Back to form a counter-current vapor-liquid-phase vapor-liquid two-phase, which ends in the tower were to be very pure single-component products. Top of the tower back into the tower and the tower of liquid volume ratio of amount of product, known as reflux ratio, which is the distillation operation is an important control parameter, which change the separation distillation operation and energy consumption. Therefore, energy consumption, intermediate heat exchanger energy, full use of process energy, product quality and other aspects to the overall optimization of the distillation process and distillation of the specific optimization of distillation to achieve the performance and product quality. Distillation process is essentially forcing the mixture of gas and liquid two-phase body of the tower for the reverse flow, the use of the components in the mixture have different volatility, in contact with each other in the process of transfer of light components in the liquid phase into the gas phase, and the restructuring of the gas phase into the liquid gradually sub-liquid mixtures in order to achieve the separation, therefore, distillation operation flexibility is directly related to the economic benefits of oil and chemical companies. Keywords: Distillation; Atmospheric and vacuum distillation; Performance measurements; Energy saving; Optimization design; 目录 前言 7 第一章 国内外精馏研究进展和发展趋势 6 （一）精馏方法 6 1.1　恒沸精馏 6 1.2　萃取精馏 6 1.3　反应(催化)精馏 9 1.4　抽提精馏 10 1.5 热泵精馏 10 1.6