第四讲 代词(一).docVIP

第四讲 代词 代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。 　　一. 人称代词 　　　1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 ? ? ? ? ? 第一人称 第二人称 ?? ? 第三人称 单数 复数 单、复一样 单数 复数 人称 代词 主格 I we you he /she / it they 宾格 me us you him / her / it them 物主 代词 形容词性物主代词 my our your his / her / its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his / hers / its theirs 反身 代词 myself ourselves yourself himself themselves yourselves herself / itself 注：1）主格作主语，放在句首。如果主语是几个并列代词时，You最前，I最后（你在前，我在后）。如：You, he and I are … 但在表抱歉的句子中，I放在前，如：Sorry, I and Li Lei broke the glasses. ? ? 2）宾格作宾语，放在动词、介词后。放在动、副短语的之间。 如：These are your things. Please put them away. 3）形容词性物主代词后必须加名词。 4）名词性物主代词后不能加名词，但相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。 如：my book = mine ? his book = his ? her book = hers 5）反身代词于动词、介词后作宾语。 如：She teaches herself English. ? ? ? She learns English by herself. ? 于句末加强语气，“亲自”。如：You’ll see it yourself. ? 于主语后作同位语。如：He himself did it. ? 于固定短语中。如：enjoy oneself=have a good time=play happily ??????????????? ? ? be alone = all by oneself ??????????????? ? ? teach oneself sth. = learn sth. (all) by oneself ??????????????? ? ? leave sb. by oneself help oneself to sth.? ? ⑵指示代词：近指? this →复these远指? that →复those 注：1）打电话时用this 代替自己，that 代替对方。 如：Hello! This is …. Is that …speaking? 2）that / those可以用来代替前面提到过的人或物。 如：This story is more interesting than that one. . 指示代词This these 复数 that Those this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： 　　　 This is a pen and that is a pencil． 　　　 We are busy these days． 　　　 In those days the workers had a hard time． 　　2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如： 　　　 I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. 　What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English． 　　3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai． 　 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： 　　? Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 　. 反身代词 英语中用来表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。