[高考]ch13_-_rates_of_chemical_reactions.pptVIP

Rates of Chemical Reactions How to describe the rate of reaction quantitatively? Rate Equation Chemical Method --- Titration Reactants are mixed and time is measured Reaction carried out in a constant temp. environment Small samples of reaction mixture are taken out for chemical analysis at certain time intervals. Chemical Method --- Titration Physical Method --- Determining the Volume of Gas Formed Physical Method --- Colorimetric Measurement Physical Method --- Colorimetric Measurment Factors Influencing Reaction Rate Concentration of Reactants * * * * * * * * * H+ H+ H+ OH- OH- OH- New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 2 * Chapter 13 Rates of Chemical Reactions 13.1 Rates of Chemical Reactions 13.2 Expressions of Reaction Rates in Terms of Rates of Changes in Concentrations of Reactants or Products 13.3 Methods of Measuring Reaction Rates 13.4 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates This highly exothermic reaction does NOT take place at room temperature. Why? Although the reaction rate at room conditions is negligible, it is vigorously fast at high temperature. Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates, factors that affect rates and the theory of reaction rate in terms of reaction mechanisms. Chapter 13 Rates of Chemical Reactions (SB p.2) Rates of Chemical Reactions C12H22O11(s) + 12O2(g) 12CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) ΔHc [C12H22O11(s)] = -5644 kJ mol-1 ? Mechanism of chemical reactions Mechanism = information on how old bond are broken and how new bonds are formed in a chemical reaction. Why the study of chemical kinetics is important? Chemists or engineers can make industrial products as economically as possible. Chapter 13 Rates of Chemical Reactions (SB p.2) How to determine the reaction rates? - from experiments Study of reaction rates 13.1 Rates of Chemical Reactions (SB p.3) Explosively fast Vigorous, takes a fraction of a second Instantaneous Takes a several minutes Takes a few weeks Takes a few months Slow, t